Context: A mediastinal pseudocyst is an unusual and rare complication of acute and chronic pancreatitis.
Case report: The authors report the case of a 41-year-old male patient with a documented history of chronic pancreatitis who developed a pancreaticomediastinal fistula with mediastinal pseudocyst, which was successfully treated by pancreatic head resection (Frey).
Conclusion: Though the choice of treatment is still controversial, the main goal of surgical treatment is to ensure the adequate flow of pancreatic juice from the pseudocyst and the pancreas.