Probing the anomeric effect and mechanism of isomerization of oxazinane rings by DFT methods

Org Biomol Chem. 2021 Feb 11;19(5):1066-1082. doi: 10.1039/d0ob02453h.

Abstract

Mechanistic studies of the thermal amine-promoted isomerization of oxazinane rings by DFT methods showed that the isomerization proceeds through abstraction of the C-3 hydrogen atom by the amine nitrogen atom followed by its re-recruitment from C-3 that helps the oxazinane ring to avoid breaking, leading to the same or an isomeric conformer. Calculations also provided evidence that steric effects are responsible for the breaking of the O-N bond in the transition state of the thermal amine-promoted transformations of oxazinane rings, leading to the transformation of the 6-membered ring to a 5-membered ring. Extensive computational studies of the origin of the anomeric effect in the di-substituted oxazinane rings, bearing the EtO substituent at C-6 and CO2Et at C-3, and a series of analogous tetrahydro-2H-pyran ring conformers, revealed that the conformational preferences in both series of compounds are tuned by the balance of non-covalent (weak vDW, dipole-dipole, electrostatic forces, hydrogen bonding) steric effects and hyperconjugative interactions.

MeSH terms

  • Density Functional Theory*
  • Hydrogen Bonding
  • Isomerism
  • Models, Molecular
  • Molecular Conformation
  • Oxazines / chemistry*
  • Static Electricity

Substances

  • Oxazines