As one of the most important phenomena of global climate change, the enhancement of ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B, 280-320 nm) could have critical impact on the carbon cycle in terrestrial ecosystem. Through the impacts on plant photosynthesis, litter decomposition, and soil respiration, the enhanced UV-B radiation can affect the carbon input, turnover, and output of terrestrial ecosystem. Other climatic factors (ambient CO2 concentration, air temperature, and precipitation) may promote or mitigate the impact of enhanced UV-B radiation on terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle. This paper introduced the background of UV-B radiation enhancement, reviewed the impacts of enhanced UV-B radiation and its interactions with other climatic factors on terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle, summarized the existing problems in related researches, and discussed the priorities and directions of future researches.