Groundwater nitrate remediation using plant-chip bioreactors under phosphorus-limited environment

J Contam Hydrol. 2018 Feb:209:42-50. doi: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2018.01.005. Epub 2018 Jan 31.

Abstract

Groundwater denitrification bioreactors under limited phosphorus conditions were studied in column experiments using four types of plant-chips. When the phosphate-P concentration in the influent increased from 0.04mg/L to 0.4mg/L, the nitrate removal ratio increased from 61.6% to 86.1% in reed, from 7.2% to 12.6% in Japanese cedar, from 37.0% to 73.6% in Moso bamboo, and from 19.2% to 50.5% in Lithocarpus edulis. The carbon source of the denitrifiers' growth was indicated by the content of acid detergent soluble organic matter in the chips. Furthermore, according to the modified Michaelis-Menten-type equation proposed in the study, the denitrification rate was largely limited by the phosphate-P concentration in reed and L. eduilis, and by the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in Japanese cedar. Denitrification in Moso bamboo was affected by both phosphate-P and DOC. Besides the DOC, phosphorus emerged as an important limiting element of denitrification in some bioreactor plant-chips.

Keywords: Denitrification; Dissolved organic carbon; Nitrate; Phosphate; Plant-chips.

MeSH terms

  • Bioreactors
  • Carbon / metabolism
  • Denitrification
  • Environmental Restoration and Remediation / instrumentation
  • Environmental Restoration and Remediation / methods*
  • Groundwater / chemistry*
  • Nitrates* / isolation & purification
  • Nitrates* / metabolism
  • Phosphates / chemistry
  • Phosphates / metabolism
  • Phosphorus*
  • Wood

Substances

  • Nitrates
  • Phosphates
  • Phosphorus
  • Carbon