Multi-scale modeling of CO2 dispersion leaked from seafloor off the Japanese coast

A numerical simulation was conducted to predict the change of pCO(2) in the ocean caused by CO(2) leaked from an underground aquifer, in which CO(2) is purposefully stored. The target space of the present model was the ocean above the seafloor. The behavior of CO(2) bubbles, their dissolution, and the advection-diffusion of dissolved CO(2) were numerically simulated. Here, two cases for the leakage rate were studied: an extreme case, 94,600 t/y, which assumed that a large fault accidentally connects the CO(2) reservoir and the seafloor; and a reasonable case, 3800 t/y, based on the seepage rate of an existing EOR site. In the extreme case, the calculated increase in DeltapCO(2) experienced by floating organisms was less than 300 ppm, while that for immobile organisms directly over the fault surface periodically exceeded 1000 ppm, if momentarily. In the reasonable case, the calculated DeltapCO(2) and pH were within the range of natural fluctuation.