Characterization, Antimicrobial and Anticancer Properties of Palladium Nanoparticles Biosynthesized Optimally Using Saudi Propolis

Maged S Al-Fakeh; Samir Osman Mohammed Osman; Malek Gassoumi; Mokded Rabhi; Mohamed Omer

doi:10.3390/nano11102666

Characterization, Antimicrobial and Anticancer Properties of Palladium Nanoparticles Biosynthesized Optimally Using Saudi Propolis

Nanomaterials (Basel). 2021 Oct 11;11(10):2666. doi: 10.3390/nano11102666.

Authors

Maged S Al-Fakeh^{1

2}, Samir Osman Mohammed Osman^{3

4}, Malek Gassoumi^{5

6}, Mokded Rabhi⁷, Mohamed Omer⁸

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
² Taiz University, Taiz 3086, Republic of Yemen.
³ Department of Physics, College of Science, Ibb University, Ibb 009674, Yemen.
⁴ Engineer College, Aljanad University for Science & Technology, Taiz 009674, Yemen.
⁵ Department of Physics, College of Science, Qassim University, P.O. 64, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
⁶ Unite de Recherche Matériaux Advances et Nanotechnologies, Institut Supérieur des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie de Kasserine, Université de Kairouan, BP 471, 1200 Kasserine, Tunisia.
⁷ Department of Plant Production and Protection, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia.
⁸ Department of Radiologic Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

Due to their unique physicochemical characteristics, palladium nanoparticles (Pd-NPs) have shown tremendous promise in biological applications. The biosynthesis of Pd-NPs employing Saudi propolis has been designed to be environmental, fast, controlled, and cost-effective. The formation and stability of biosynthesized Pd-NPs by Saudi propolis extract were proved by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Zeta potential analysis. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) findings show that the average particle size of Pd-NPs is between 3.14 and 4.62 nm, which is in quantum scale. The Saudi propolis enhanced the antimicrobial activity against B. subtilis, S. aureus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and C. albicans. Pd-NPs show effective anticancer activity against ductal carcinoma (MCF-7) with IC50 of 104.79 µg/mL.

Keywords: Pd-NPs; anticancer; antimicrobial.