Exploring the properties of Dy₂O₃-Y₂O₃ Co-activated telluro-borate glass: Structural, physical, optical, thermal, and mechanical properties

The successful application of glass-based materials in a wide range of scientific fields depends on the associated physical, optical, thermal, and mechanical properties. This article investigate the structural, Physical, thermal, optical, and mechanical properties of Dy₂O₃, Y₂O₃ co-activated telluro-borate glass developed using the melt-quenching method. The glassy quality and the elements component of the specimens were observed using XRD and EDX analyses. The addition of Y₂O₃ rise the glass density from 2.956 to 3.303 g/cm³ the refractive index from 2.5 to 2.7. These changes are due to the increase in polarizability and non-bridging oxygen (NBO). The photoluminescence (PL) spectra revealed a broad peak at 550 nm and additional weak emission peaks at 573 and 664 nm, respectively. While the observed broader peak can be linked to the convolution of Bi³⁺ ions transitions corresponding to the non-centrosymmetric site respectively, the weak emission bands are due to ⁴F_9/2 → ⁶H_13/2 and ⁴F_9/2 → ⁶H_11/2 Dy³⁺ transitions. Hence, the low symmetrical features of both Bi³⁺ and Dy³⁺ ions were confirmed. The increase in the Vickers hardness of the glass from 536.7 to 1366.9 indicates the influence of Y₂O₃ addition on the mechanical properties of the glasses. The findings help to improve our understanding of the behaviour of the glass composition and its prospective applications in disciplines such as photonic, and laser optics.