Surface functionalization of wool via microbial-transglutaminase and bentonite as bio-nano-mordant to achieve multi objective wool and improve dyeability with madder

Reza Assefi Pour; Robabeh Bagheri; Tayyab Naveed; Nadir Ali; Faisal Rehman; Jinxin He

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04911

Surface functionalization of wool via microbial-transglutaminase and bentonite as bio-nano-mordant to achieve multi objective wool and improve dyeability with madder

Heliyon. 2020 Sep 14;6(9):e04911. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04911. eCollection 2020 Sep.

Authors

Reza Assefi Pour^{1

2}, Robabeh Bagheri³, Tayyab Naveed^{4

5}, Nadir Ali^{6

7}, Faisal Rehman^{1

2}, Jinxin He^{1

8}

Affiliations

¹ National Engineering Research Center for Dyeing and Finishing of Textile, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
² College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
³ School of Physical Science and Technology, College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovation and Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
⁴ School of Textiles and Design, University of Management and Technology, Johar Town, Lahore 54782, Pakistan.
⁵ Department of Textile Engineering and Technology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.
⁶ Textile Engineering Department, Mehran University of Engineering & Technology, Jamshoro 76060, Pakistan.
⁷ Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
⁸ Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201620, China.

Abstract

Recently, natural dyes have a widening scope in various traditional and advanced applications due to their eco-friendly environment. However, improved dyeability of natural dyes still remains a challenging task. This research was aimed to achieve multi-objective wool with improved dyeability using bio-nano-mordant composed of m-Trans-glutaminase, m-TGase, and bentonite nanoclay. Wool fiber was treated through sonochemical method using different concentrations of m-TGase and bentonite. The surface morphology of wool fabric samples was examined by field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and Fourier transform Infrared Radiation (FTIR). Further, wool samples treated at different conditions were applied to madder for dyeability examination. The optimum conditions of color coordinates, color strength, K/S, and washing fastness of madder on treated wool fabric with m-TGase and bentonite, were also examined. The results revealed well-made interactions among m-TGase, bentonite, and wool fibers. In addition, surface morphology was strongly influenced by variations in enzyme concentrations so that extra addition of m-TGase lead to clear damage scales or less cuticle surface in SEM images. Moreover, the results showed that the value of K/S for treated wool samples was better than untreated samples. Indeed, amongst all, 5% concentrations of bio-nano-mordant for m-TGase and bentonite have the most constructive K/S values. Similarly, results of ΔE and antibacterial investigations also confirmed its superiority.

Keywords: Bentonite nanoclay; Bio-nano mordant; Biotechnology; Madder; Materials science; Microbial transglutaminase; Nanotechnology; Natural dye; Wool.