Sine augmented scaled arithmetic optimization algorithm for frequency regulation of a virtual inertia control based microgrid

The biggest challenge associated with a renewable energy source (RES) based microgrids is to maintain their frequency stability. In solving this challenge, virtual inertia control (VIC) could be viewed as an unavoidable part of alternating current (AC) microgrids. For VIC, a phase-locked loop (PLL) is essential for obtaining information regarding the changes in the frequency of the microgrid. However, implementation of PLL might cause greater oscillation in frequency because of its system dynamics. Such type of issues can be resolved by using a multistage proportional integral derivative (PID) controller which restricts the undesirable frequency measurement and thus helps in improving the stability of the microgrid. In this paper, a novel Sine augmented scaled arithmetic optimization algorithm is proposed in purpose to tune the parameters of the aforementioned controller. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is validated through contrastive simulation results, and the impact of a few standard strategies such as a change in system boundaries and various steps of RESs penetration are also demonstrated.