Scaling limit of the odometer in divisible sandpiles

Probab Theory Relat Fields. 2018;172(3):829-868. doi: 10.1007/s00440-017-0821-x. Epub 2017 Dec 8.

Abstract

In a recent work Levine et al. (Ann Henri Poincaré 17:1677-1711, 2016. 10.1007/s00023-015-0433-x) prove that the odometer function of a divisible sandpile model on a finite graph can be expressed as a shifted discrete bilaplacian Gaussian field. For the discrete torus, they suggest the possibility that the scaling limit of the odometer may be related to the continuum bilaplacian field. In this work we show that in any dimension the rescaled odometer converges to the continuum bilaplacian field on the unit torus.

Keywords: Abstract Wiener space; Divisible sandpile; Gaussian field; Green’s function; Membrane model; Odometer.