Decreased serum superoxide dismutase concentration has a high value for the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection-a single-center, retrospective study

Purpose: As the most serious complication of total knee arthroplasty (TKA), periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) often leads to disastrous consequences. An accurate preoperative diagnosis plays a significant role in saving prostheses and optimizing treatment outcomes. Through this retrospective case-control study, we aimed to investigate the potential of superoxide dismutase (SOD) as a novel serum biomarker in the diagnosis of PJI.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of all patients who underwent TKA and received adequate follow-ups in our hospital from June 2015 to December 2021. A total of 50 patients were enrolled in the PJI group based on the 2018 International Consensus Meeting (ICM) criteria. Besides that, we enrolled 100 patients who underwent TKA in the same period and had a good postoperative course in the control group. Patient characteristics, comorbidities, laboratory results (serum, synovial, and microbial), and intraoperative findings (purulence and histopathology) were documented and compared by univariate analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic performance.

Results: The median serum SOD level in the PJI and control group was 135.95 ± 24.47 U/ml (IQR, 111.85-158.30 U/ml) and 173.83 ± 13.9 U/ml (IQR,162.83-183.5 U/ml) (p < 0.05), respectively. With the calculated cutoff of SOD at 149.5U/L, the area under the ROC curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV), were 0.919, 0.72, 0.97, 0.923, and 0.874, respectively. In subgroup analysis, the specificity of SOD in diagnosing culture-negative PJI remained extremely high (0.98). Combined diagnosis of serum SOD and C-reactive protein (CRP) made AUC increase to 0.972.

Conclusion: Serum SOD showed great potential in the diagnosis of PJI.