Factors affecting metaverse adoption in education: A systematic review, adoption framework, and future research agenda

The Metaverse, underpinned by its technical infrastructure, heavily relies on user engagement and behavior for successful integration into educational settings. Understanding its driving factors is essential for such a platform to transition from theory to practice, especially in educational settings. However, these factors remain elusive due to inconsistencies in infrastructure and environments. Therefore, this systematic review aims to fill this void by presenting an integrative view on Metaverse adoption in education. This is achieved via three primary dimensions: establishing a taxonomy of the factors influencing Metaverse adoption in education, proposing a framework for Metaverse adoption, and suggesting future research trajectories in this domain. The review systematically classifies the influential factors into four distinct categories: psychological and motivational factors, quality factors, social factors, and inhibiting factors. The proposed framework provides a structured approach for future studies investigating the Metaverse adoption in educational settings. The proposed framework also emphasizes that educational institutions should not only consider the technical prerequisites but also the social, psychological, and motivational aspects of the Metaverse. The study also pinpoints several critical research agendas to enhance our understanding of Metaverse adoption in education. The insights from this review are invaluable for educational institutions, policymakers, developers, and researchers, significantly enriching the emerging field of Metaverse adoption.