Advanced Structural and Technological Method of Reducing Distortion in Thin-Walled Welded Structures

Piotr Horajski; Lukasz Bohdal; Leon Kukielka; Radoslaw Patyk; Pawel Kaldunski; Stanislaw Legutko

doi:10.3390/ma14030504

Advanced Structural and Technological Method of Reducing Distortion in Thin-Walled Welded Structures

Materials (Basel). 2021 Jan 21;14(3):504. doi: 10.3390/ma14030504.

Authors

Piotr Horajski¹, Lukasz Bohdal¹, Leon Kukielka¹, Radoslaw Patyk¹, Pawel Kaldunski¹, Stanislaw Legutko²

Affiliations

¹ Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Koszalin University of Technology, 75-620 Koszalin, Poland.
² Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.

Abstract

The article presents an innovative method of reducing welding distortions of thin-walled structures by introducing structural and technological changes. The accuracy of the method was demonstrated on the example of welding the stub pipes to the outer surface of a thin-walled tank with large dimensions, made of steel 1.4301 with a wall thickness of 1.5 × 10^-3 (m). During traditional Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW), distortions of the base are formed, the flatness deviation of which was 11.9 × 10^-3 (m) and exceeded the permissible standards. As a result of structural and technological changes, not only does the joint stiffness increase, but also a favorable stress state is introduced in the flange, which reduces the local welding stresses. Numerical models were developed using the finite element method (FEM), which were used to analyze the residual stresses and strains pre-welding, in extruded flanges, in transient, and post-welding. The results of the calculations for various flanges heights show that there is a limit height h = 9.2 × 10^-3 (m), above which flange cracks during extrusion. A function for calculating the flange height was developed due to the required stress state. The results of numerical calculations were verified experimentally on a designed and built test stand for extrusion the flange. The results of experimental research confirmed the results of numerical simulations. For further tests, bases with a flange h = 6 × 10^-3 (m) were used, to which a stub pipe was welded using the GTAW method. After the welding process, the distortion of the base was measured with the ATOS III scanner (GOM a Zeiss company, Oberkochen, Germany). It has been shown that the developed methodology is correct, and the introduced structural and technological changes result in a favorable reduction of welding stresses and a reduction in the flatness deviation of the base in the welded joint to 0.39 × 10^-3 (m), which meets the requirements of the standards.

Keywords: FEM; advanced method; distortion; heat transfer; numerical calculation; structural and technological changes; thin-walled structures; welding; welding stress.