One-pot synthesis of iron oxide - Gamma irradiated chitosan modified SBA-15 mesoporous silica for effective methylene blue dye removal

Titiya Meechai; Thinnaphat Poonsawat; Nunticha Limchoowong; Sakchai Laksee; Peerapong Chumkaeo; Ranida Tuanudom; Artitaya Yatsomboon; Lalita Honghernsthit; Ekasith Somsook; Phitchan Sricharoen

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16178

One-pot synthesis of iron oxide - Gamma irradiated chitosan modified SBA-15 mesoporous silica for effective methylene blue dye removal

Heliyon. 2023 May 10;9(5):e16178. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16178. eCollection 2023 May.

Affiliations

¹ Department of Premedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Bangkokthonburi University, Thawi Watthana, Bangkok 10170, Thailand.
² NANOCAST Laboratory, Center for Catalysis Science and Technology (CAST), Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Rd., Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
³ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand.
⁴ Nuclear Technology Research and Development Center, Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (Public Organization), Nakhon Nayok 26120, Thailand.

Abstract

The development of adsorption technology and the processing of radiation have both been influenced by chitosan adsorbent (γ-chitosan), a raw material with unique features. The goal of the current work was to improve the synthesis of Fe-SBA-15 utilizing chitosan that has undergone gamma radiation (Fe-γ-CS-SBA-15) in order to investigate the removal of methylene blue dye in a single hydrothermal procedure. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), High angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM), small- and wide-angle X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to characterize γ-CS-SBA-15 that had been exposed to Fe. By using N₂-physisorption (BET, BJH), the structure of Fe-γ-CS-SBA-15 was investigated. The study parameters also included the effect of solution pH, adsorbent dose and contact time on the methylene blue adsorption. The elimination efficiency of the methylene blue dye was compiled using a UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The results of the characterization show that the Fe-γ-CS-SBA-15 has a substantial pore volume of 504 m² g^-1 and a surface area of 0.88 cm³ g^-1. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity (Q_max) of the methylene blue is 176.70 mg/g. The γ-CS can make SBA-15 operate better. It proves that the distribution of Fe and chitosan (the C and N components) in SBA-15 channels is uniform.

Keywords: Gamma irradiated chitosan; Mesoporous silica; Methylene blue dye; SBA-15.