Impact of ZnO nanoparticles as additive on performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with waste plastic oil

Ameer Suhel; Norwazan Abdul Rahim; Mohd Rosdzimin Abdul Rahman; Khairol Amali Bin Ahmad; Umrah Khan; Yew Heng Teoh; Noh Zainal Abidin

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14782

Impact of ZnO nanoparticles as additive on performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with waste plastic oil

Heliyon. 2023 Mar 24;9(4):e14782. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14782. eCollection 2023 Apr.

Authors

Ameer Suhel¹, Norwazan Abdul Rahim¹, Mohd Rosdzimin Abdul Rahman¹, Khairol Amali Bin Ahmad², Umrah Khan³, Yew Heng Teoh⁴, Noh Zainal Abidin⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Sungai Besi 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
² Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Sungai Besi 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
³ Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lords Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
⁴ School of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Penang, Malaysia.
⁵ Department of Science & Maritime Technology, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Sungai Besi 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Abstract

Neat waste plastic oil (WPO) application as a fuel in engines reduces BTE and increases deleterious emissions of CO, UHC, NOx, and smoke due to the presence of insufficient oxygen and unbreakable hydrocarbon chains in WPO. Present investigation was performed to evaluate the impact of ZnO nanoparticles on the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine operated with the waste plastic oil (WPO20) blend. The objective of doping ZnO nanoparticles with WPO20 was to enhance the oxidation reaction and heat transfer rate between fuel droplets during combustion, which aids in completing the combustion. The sol-gel technique was adopted to successfully synthesize the ZnO nanoparticles using zinc acetate (Zn(CH₃CO₂)₂.2H₂O) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) precursors. The structure and morphology of resulted particles were studied by XRD and FESEM tests. Both results indicate the stable formation of ZnO, and exhibit the crystallinity nature, spherical surface, and size consistency. The synthesized ZnO nanoparticles were infused in WPO20 blend in the amounts of 50, 100, and 150 ppm with the aid of the ultrasonication technique. Engine test was conducted with diesel fuel, WPO20 blend, and nano-infused fuels at a constant speed of 1500 rpm under various loads. The disparities in performance and emission characteristics were examined and compared with pure diesel fuel. The findings demonstrated that adding nanoparticles to WPO20 significantly lowers the smoke, CO, UHC, and NOx emissions and simultaneously improves the BTE and decreases the BSFC of the diesel engine. Optimum results were obtained for 100 ppm concentration of ZnO nanoparticles. Reduction of smoke by 11.86%, CO by 5.7%, UHC by 28%, and NOx by 14.93%, along with the enhancement of BTE by 2.47%, were noticed at maximum load with 100 ppm particles. Based on the test results, it is concluded that ZnO nanoparticles can be used as a suitable additive in WPO blends to improve the overall engine characteristics. Further scope of the present work is to study the effect of organic nanoparticles with WPO on engine behaviour, the detailed combustion of nanoparticles infused WPO, and the nanoparticles doped WPO on engine wear and corrosion.

Keywords: Diesel engine; Emission; Performance; Waste plastic oil; ZnO nanoparticles.