A unique, durable, nonleaching antimicrobial urethane coating possessing energy-dampening properties is reported. Five novel diol-functionalized quaternary ammonium bromide salts were designed, synthesized, and cross-linked with a commercial polyisocyanate to afford novel multifunctional self-decontaminating coatings. Leaching of the antimicrobial into the environment is eliminated because of the biocidal tether. The effectiveness of these molecules to self-concentrate at the air-polymer interface without addition of other surface modifying additives proved extremely advantageous, and consequently resulted in microphase separation as confirmed by AFM. The coatings were designed to continuously decontaminate against a variety of pathogenic bacteria in addition to affording preliminary dampening properties. Minimum inhibitory concentration studies as well as surface antimicrobial evaluations were conducted using both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Additionally, viscoelastic properties, hardness, tack, and surface energy measurements were used to correlate with coating performance.
© 2011 American Chemical Society