The future of International Classification of Diseases coding in steatotic liver disease: An expert panel Delphi consensus statement

Hannes Hagström; Leon A Adams; Alina M Allen; Christopher D Byrne; Yoosoo Chang; Ajay Duseja; Henning Grønbæk; Mona H Ismail; Peter Jepsen; Fasiha Kanwal; Jennifer Kramer; Rohit Loomba; Henry E Mark; Philip N Newsome; Mary E Rinella; Ian A Rowe; Seungho Ryu; Arun Sanyal; Jörn M Schattenberg; Marina Serper; Nick Sheron; Tracey G Simon; C Wendy Spearman; Elliot B Tapper; Marcela Villota-Rivas; Sarah H Wild; Vincent Wai-Sun Wong; Yusuf Yilmaz; Shira Zelber-Sagi; Fredrik Åberg; Jeffrey V Lazarus

doi:10.1097/HC9.0000000000000386

The future of International Classification of Diseases coding in steatotic liver disease: An expert panel Delphi consensus statement

Hepatol Commun. 2024 Feb 3;8(2):e0386. doi: 10.1097/HC9.0000000000000386. eCollection 2024 Feb 1.

Authors

Hannes Hagström^{1

2}, Leon A Adams³, Alina M Allen⁴, Christopher D Byrne^{5

6}, Yoosoo Chang⁷, Ajay Duseja⁸, Henning Grønbæk⁹, Mona H Ismail^{10

11}, Peter Jepsen⁹, Fasiha Kanwal¹², Jennifer Kramer¹², Rohit Loomba¹³, Henry E Mark¹⁴, Philip N Newsome^{15

16}, Mary E Rinella¹⁷, Ian A Rowe¹⁸, Seungho Ryu^{7

19}, Arun Sanyal²⁰, Jörn M Schattenberg²¹, Marina Serper²², Nick Sheron²³, Tracey G Simon^{24

25}, C Wendy Spearman²⁶, Elliot B Tapper²⁷, Marcela Villota-Rivas²⁸, Sarah H Wild²⁹, Vincent Wai-Sun Wong³⁰, Yusuf Yilmaz³¹, Shira Zelber-Sagi^{32

33}, Fredrik Åberg^{34

35}, Jeffrey V Lazarus^{28

36

37}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Upper GI, Division of Hepatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
² Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
³ Medical School, the University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
⁴ Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
⁵ Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
⁶ Southampton National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK.
⁷ Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
⁸ Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
⁹ Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
¹⁰ Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia.
¹¹ College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
¹² Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
¹³ NAFLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Epidemiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
¹⁴ Independent consultant, Nottingham, UK.
¹⁵ National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
¹⁶ Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
¹⁷ Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
¹⁸ Leeds Institute for Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
¹⁹ Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
²⁰ Department of Internal Medicine, Stravitz-Sanyal Institute of Liver Disease and Metabolic Health, VCU School of Medicine and Health System and Division of Gastroenterology, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
²¹ Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Saarland, Homburg, Germany.
²² Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
²³ The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, Kings College London.
²⁴ Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
²⁵ Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
²⁶ Department of Medicine, Division of Hepatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
²⁷ Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
²⁸ Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
²⁹ Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
³⁰ Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
³¹ Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Turkey.
³² School of Public Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
³³ Department of Gastroenterology, Tel Aviv Medical Centre, Tel Aviv, Israel.
³⁴ Transplantation and Liver Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
³⁵ University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
³⁶ CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy (CUNY SPH), New York, New York, USA.
³⁷ Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

Abstract

Background: Following the adoption of new nomenclature for steatotic liver disease, we aimed to build consensus on the use of International Classification of Diseases codes and recommendations for future research and advocacy.

Methods: Through a two-stage Delphi process, a core group (n = 20) reviewed draft statements and recommendations (n = 6), indicating levels of agreement. Following revisions, this process was repeated with a large expert panel (n = 243) from 73 countries.

Results: Consensus ranged from 88.8% to 96.9% (mean = 92.3%).

Conclusions: This global consensus statement provides guidance on harmonizing the International Classification of Diseases coding for steatotic liver disease and future directions to advance the field.

MeSH terms

Consensus
Delphi Technique
Humans
International Classification of Diseases*
Liver Diseases*