Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Antifungal Activities of the Ethanolic Extract Obtained from Berberis vulgaris Roots and Leaves

Molecules. 2022 Sep 19;27(18):6114. doi: 10.3390/molecules27186114.

Abstract

This work assessed the phenolic and flavonoid components and their antioxidant, antifungal, and antibacterial effects in the ethanolic extract of barberry leaf and roots. The antibactericidal activity of root and leaf extracts against pathogenic bacteria was tested using agar diffusion and microdilution broth production for the lowest inhibitory concentration (MIC). Berberis vulgaris root and leaf extracts inhibited Staphylococcus aureus ATCC9973, Escherichia coli HB101, Staphylococcus enteritis, and Escherichia coli Cip812. The disc assay technique was used to assess the bactericidal activity of the extracts versus both pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains. Hydro alcoholic extract was more effective against bacterial than fungal strains. The results showed that Berberis vulgaris leaf and roots extract had similar antifungal activities. Berberis vulgaris root extract inhibited the mycelial growth of Penicillium verrucosum, Fusarium proliferatum, Aspergillus ochraceous, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus flavus. Berberis vulgaris root extract has excellent antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal effects. Berberis vulgaris exhibited antimicrobial activity in vitro, and MIC showed that Berberis vulgaris parts efficiently affected pathogens in vitro. In conclusion, both Berberis vulgaris roots and leaves have considerable antibacterial activity and can be used as a source of antibacterial, antioxidant, and bioactive compounds to benefit human health.

Keywords: Berberis vulgaris; antimicrobial activity; food borne bacteria; phytochemicals; phytopathogenic fungi.

MeSH terms

  • Agar
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
  • Antifungal Agents / pharmacology
  • Antioxidants* / pharmacology
  • Aspergillus
  • Bacteria
  • Berberis*
  • Escherichia coli
  • Ethanol / pharmacology
  • Flavonoids / pharmacology
  • Humans
  • Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  • Plant Extracts / pharmacology

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Antifungal Agents
  • Antioxidants
  • Flavonoids
  • Plant Extracts
  • Ethanol
  • Agar

Supplementary concepts

  • Aspergillus brasiliensis

Grants and funding

Researchers would like to thank the Deanship of Scientific Research, Qassim University for funding the publication of this project.