Objective: To master the prevention knowledge and behavior of echinococcosis and the influencing factors in residents in agricultural and pastoral areas of Maerkang City, so as to provide the reference for formulating the policy and strategy of echinococcosis prevention and control.
Methods: In April, 2017, 796 residents in agricultural and pastoral areas of Maerkang City were selected by the multi-stage stratified random sampling method, and surveyed with questionnaires. The main questions included the prevention knowledge and related behaviors of echinococcosis.
Results: The awareness rate of prevention knowledge of echinococcosis was 70.1% (558/796). The awareness rate was the lowest in the group aged 15 to 25 years. The difference of knowledge awareness rate was statistically significant among the different age groups (χ2 = 16.408, P < 0.01). The knowledge awareness rate of the people with middle school or above educational level was higher than that of the people with primary school or below educational level (χ2 = 4.869, P = 0.027). The knowledge awareness rate of the dog owners was lower than that of the people without a dog (χ2 = 11.384, P = 0.001). The knowledge awareness rate in the people who received the knowledge training of three times or more was higher than that in the people who received the knowledge training of two times or less (χ2 = 11.439, P = 0.003). The logistic regression showed that the age, educational level, training times and dog raising were the main influencing factors. The related behavior survey showed that 32.7% (260/796) of residents did not drink unboiled water, 37.0% (61/165) of dog owners tied the dog, 43.6% (72/165) of dog owners fed the dogs with anthelmintic regularly, and only 10.3% (17/165) of dog owners buried the dog's dung.
Conclusions: The awareness rate of echinococcosis prevention knowledge in Maerkang City should be improved. The health education should be focused on the young people, people with low educational level, and people who have dogs. The behaviors of drinking unboiled water, tying dogs, feeding dogs with anthelmintic regularly, and burying dog' s dung should be advocated.
[摘要] 目的了解马尔康市农牧区居民棘球蚴病防治知识和行为情况, 为制定棘球蚴病防治政策和策略提供理论依 据。方法2017年4月, 根据多阶段分层随机抽样方法, 对马尔康市796户农牧区居民棘球蚴病防治知识和相关行为进 行访谈式问卷调查并分析。结果马尔康市农牧区居民棘球蚴病防治知识合格率为70.1% (558/796), 15 ~ 25岁年龄组 合格率最低, 不同年龄组间合格率差异有统计学意义 (χ2 = 16.408, P < 0.01); 初中及以上文化程度较小学及以下文化程 度合格率高 (χ2 = 4.869, P = 0.027); 养狗人群较未养狗人群合格率低 (χ2 = 11.384, P = 0.001); 参加培训3次及以上的合格 率更高 (χ2 = 11.439, P = 0.003) 。二分类logistic回归分析显示, 年龄、文化程度、培训次数、是否养狗是影响棘球蚴病防 治知识是否合格的主要因素。棘球蚴病相关行为正确率调查中, 不喝生水正确率仅有32.7% (260/796), 家犬栓养正确率 为37.0% (61/165), 家犬定期驱虫正确率为43.6% (72/165); 家犬粪便掩埋的行为正确率最低, 仅有10.3% (17/165) 。结 论马尔康市农牧区居民棘球蚴病防治知识合格率有待提高, 健康教育重点干预青年人群、文化程度低的人群及养狗人 群; 需重点干预的相关行为是喝生水、犬栓养、犬驱虫及犬粪掩埋。.
Keywords: Behavior; Echinococcosis; Health education; Knowledge; Maerkang City.