The Importance of the Outdoor Environment for the Recovery of Psychiatric Patients: A Scoping Review

Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Jan 27;20(3):2240. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20032240.

Abstract

(1) Background: Research has shown that patients with mental health diagnoses experience less anxiety and depressive symptoms and higher levels of 'well-being' when they spend time in natural environments as part of their treatment. It has been suggested that there is a relationship between the outdoor settings and the recovery of psychiatric patients. Recovery describes an individual process, which can vary from person to person. (2) Methods: This scoping review examined the relationship between the physical environment and the recovery of psychiatric patients. Systematic searches in three online databases, namely Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO, were performed using a selection of psychiatric, environmental, and recovery terms and included both quantitative and qualitative studies. In general, 'well-being' serves as an overarching indicator when it comes to research on how outdoor settings can affect mental health. Well-being was expressed in terms of mood, social relations, and autonomy. (3) Results: A total of 8138 records were screened, 85 studies were included for full-text reading, and five articles were included in the final analysis. The review showed in general that outdoor settings, more specifically gardening, contact with nature, and a safe environment can be related to the well-being of patients on psychiatric wards. (4) Conclusions: The five reviews allow us to conclude that outdoor settings can be seen as a comprehensive resource for mental health.

Keywords: gardening; mental health; nature; psychiatric; recovery; rehabilitation; therapeutic landscapes; well-being.

Publication types

  • Review
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Environment
  • Humans
  • Mental Health*
  • Nature*

Grants and funding

This research received external funding from three foundations: 15. Juni Foundation, Østifterne Foundation and Realdania.