Early Blood Analysis and Gas Exchange Monitoring in the Canine Neonate: Effect of Dam's Size and Birth Order

In canines, size at birth is determined by the dam's weight, which would probably affect the newborn's viability due to litter size and birth order. Fetal hypoxia causes distress and acidemia. Identifying physiological blood alterations in the puppy during the first minute of life through the blood gas exchange of the umbilical cord could determine the puppy's risk of suffering asphyxiation during labor. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the birth order and dam's size during spontaneous labor and the alterations during the first minute of life. The results indicate that the dam's size and the birth order have considerable physiological and metabolic effects in the puppies, mainly in birth order 1 (BO1) in small-size dogs, while in the medium size, the last puppy presented more alterations, probably because of a prolonged whelping which could have fostered hypoxic processes and death. Likewise, with large-size dogs, intrapartum asphyxiation processes were registered during the first minute of life in any birth order.