Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a common severe gastrointestinal disease in preterm infants. The morbidity and mortality of NEC are negatively correlated with the gestational age and birth weight. In addition to causing a variety of gastrointestinal complications, NEC can also cause neurodevelopmental impairment. Recently, many studies have found that gut microbiome dysbiosis plays an important part in the pathogenesis of NEC. It is helpful to explore the relationship between gut microbiome and NEC for the early diagnosis and severity prediction of NEC. Researchers have paid much attention to the role of probiotics in reducing the morbidity and mortality of NEC in preterm infants. It's controversial as to whether probiotics is effective and safe in clinical application. This article will review the relationship between the development of gut microbiome and NEC in preterm infants, as well as the preventive effect of probiotics on NEC.
坏死性小肠结肠炎（NEC）是早产儿常见的严重胃肠道疾病，其发病率及病死率与早产儿胎龄及出生体重呈负相关，可引起多种胃肠道并发症，并可对患儿神经系统发育造成不良影响。近年来研究发现肠道微生态失调在NEC发病中起重要作用，探究肠道微生态改变与NEC的相关性有助于NEC早期诊断及严重程度的预测。益生菌在降低早产儿NEC发病率和病死率中的作用已受到业界广泛关注，但其在临床应用中的有效性和安全性仍存在较大争议。本文主要就新生儿肠道微生态发育及其与早产儿NEC之间的关系，以及益生菌对NEC的预防作用作一综述。