Highly Sensitive Electrochemical Sensor for Anticancer Drug by a Zirconia Nanoparticle-Decorated Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite

Manthrapudi Venu; Sada Venkateswarlu; Yenugu Veera Manohara Reddy; Ankireddy Seshadri Reddy; Vinod Kumar Gupta; Minyoung Yoon; Gajulapalli Madhavi

doi:10.1021/acsomega.8b02129

Highly Sensitive Electrochemical Sensor for Anticancer Drug by a Zirconia Nanoparticle-Decorated Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite

ACS Omega. 2018 Nov 30;3(11):14597-14605. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02129. Epub 2018 Nov 1.

Authors

Manthrapudi Venu¹, Sada Venkateswarlu², Yenugu Veera Manohara Reddy¹, Ankireddy Seshadri Reddy², Vinod Kumar Gupta^{3

4}, Minyoung Yoon², Gajulapalli Madhavi¹

Affiliations

¹ Electrochemical Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, India.
² Department of Nanochemistry and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Sungnam 13120, Republic of Korea.
³ Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa.
⁴ Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

Because of their large surface area and conductivity, some inorganic materials have emerged as good candidates for the trace-level detection of pharmaceutical drugs. In the present work, we demonstrate the detection of an anticancer drug (regorafenib, REG) by using an electrochemical sensor based on a nanocomposite material. We synthesized a zirconia-nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide composite (ZrO₂/rGO) using a one-pot hydrothermal method. Reduction of the graphene oxide supports of the Zr²⁺ ions with hydrazine hydrate helped in preventing the agglomeration of the zirconia nanoparticles and in obtaining an excellent electrocatalytic response of the nanostructure ZrO₂/rGO-based electrochemical sensor. Structural and morphological characterization of the nanostructure ZrO₂/rGO was performed using various analytical methods. A novel regorafenib (REG) electrochemical sensor was fabricated by immobilizing the as-prepared nanostructure ZrO₂/rGO on to a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The resulting ZrO₂/rGO/GCE could be used for the rapid and selective determination of REG in the presence of ascorbic acid and uric acid. The ZrO₂/rGO/GCE showed a linear response for the REG analysis in the dynamic range 11-343 nM, with a remarkable lower detection limit and limit of quantifications of 17 and 59 nM, respectively. The newly developed sensor was used for the accurate determination of REG in both serum samples and pharmaceutical formulations, with satisfactory results.