Introduction: Several sciences, including medicine, have their origin in Ancient Greece. It is intriguing to comprehend how Ancient Greek physicians were practicing medicine. The present study evaluates the role of an Ancient Greek physician in an outpatient clinic by examining the first depiction of such a clinic in Western history which is painted on the surface of a red-figured rounded small vase (aryvallos). Methods:An Ancient Greek aryvallos painted c. 480-450 BC, now on display at the Louvre museum, was meticulously studied regarding its painted surface, which presents an outpatient clinic in Ancient Greece. Other Ancient Greek works of art presenting medical activities have been also evaluated in order to reach informed conclusions regarding medical practice of that period. Results:The aryvallos depicts a physician performing bloodletting in a patient. Another five males, four of them with traumas holding canes are waiting their turn. Among them, a dwarf holding a hare on his shoulder can be seen. Suction cups on the wall and a copper basin on the floor for blood collection are also included in the picture. Discussion and conclusion: The aryvallos depicts the earliest known realistic scene of medical service in Western history. All previous Ancient Greek scenes which dealt with relevant themes, invariably included "holy" and divine interventions. Trauma management, as well as bloodletting seem to form part of the everyday medical practice of that time, while gifts to physicians (one of possible explanations of the dwarf's hare, which is depicted on the aryvallos scene) were common. Additionally, historical sources reveal that Ancient Greek physicians were well-paid and much respected. Medicine has always been an honorable practice throughout the centuries.