Fatal peritonitis due to gastric perforation in a male heroin addict: A case report and literature review

Introduction and importance: Perforation of hollow organs, such as the stomach, within the abdomen can lead to the development of acute abdomen, a critical and potentially life-threatening condition. It is important to note that there is currently insufficient information available regarding the specific effects of heroin, an illegal substance commonly abused, in causing this particular complication.

Case presentation: We present the case of a 32-year-old male who is addicted to heroin and was admitted to an addiction rehabilitation center with the aim of overcoming his addiction. After a few days of admission, the patient developed symptoms of abdominal pain, anorexia, and subsequent neurological manifestations, such as drowsiness, confusion, and a decreased level of consciousness. Tragically, the patient suffered a cardiorespiratory arrest upon arrival at the emergency room and despite efforts to resuscitate him, he unfortunately passed away.

Clinical discussion: During the autopsy of the aforementioned case, an observation was made of a perforation in the stomach, which ultimately led to the cause of death being identified as peritonitis. Acute peritonitis is recognized as one of the potential causes of acute abdomen, often resulting from the rupture of hollow organs within the abdominal region. It is characterized by inflammation of the serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity.

Conclusions: Indeed, conducting original and coherent studies to investigate the potential effects of heroin on gastric perforation could prove to be highly valuable in facilitating the timely diagnosis and treatment of this fatal complication.