Antioxidants and Exercise Performance: With a Focus on Vitamin E and C Supplementation

Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Nov 15;17(22):8452. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17228452.

Abstract

Antioxidant supplementation, including vitamin E and C supplementation, has recently received recognition among athletes as a possible method for enhancing athletic performance. Increased oxidative stress during exercise results in the production of free radicals, which leads to muscle damage, fatigue, and impaired performance. Despite their negative effects on performance, free radicals may act as signaling molecules enhancing protection against greater physical stress. Current evidence suggests that antioxidant supplementation may impair these adaptations. Apart from athletes training at altitude and those looking for an immediate, short-term performance enhancement, supplementation with vitamin E does not appear to be beneficial. Moreover, the effectiveness of vitamin E and C alone and/or combined on muscle mass and strength have been inconsistent. Given that antioxidant supplements (e.g., vitamin E and C) tend to block anabolic signaling pathways, and thus, impair adaptations to resistance training, special caution should be taken with these supplements. It is recommended that athletes consume a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, which provides vitamins, minerals phytochemicals, and other bioactive compounds to meet the recommended intakes of vitamin E and C.

Keywords: altitude training; dietary supplements; free radicals; resistance exercise; sport performance.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Antioxidants* / therapeutic use
  • Ascorbic Acid* / therapeutic use
  • Dietary Supplements
  • Exercise*
  • Humans
  • Vitamin E* / therapeutic use
  • Vitamins* / therapeutic use

Substances

  • Antioxidants
  • Vitamins
  • Vitamin E
  • Ascorbic Acid