Sensibility, multiple tolerance and degradation capacity of forest species to sequential contamination of herbicides in groundwaters

Herbicides have already reported environmental contamination in several countries with intense agricultural activity. The transport of these molecules due to leaching and surface runoff has frequently caused contamination of rivers, groundwater and soil in non-agricultural areas. Thereby, we propose to investigate the sensitivity and phytoremediation capacity of 5 native Cerrado species to sequential exposure to 2,4-D, atrazine, diuron and hexazinone. We hypothesized that species have different sensitivity levels to sequential exposure to these herbicides absorbed from contaminated simulated groundwater model. The objectives of this work were: i) to determine the sensitivity of native cerrado species by sequential exposure to 2,4-D, atrazine, diuron and hexazinone via contaminated simulated groundwater model; ii) to evaluate the presence and degradation capacity of these herbicides in the soil and water leached by tolerant species. Some species showed high phytoremediation potential for groundwater already contaminated with 2,4-D, atrazine, diuron and hexazinone. S. macranthera and C. antiphilitica are tolerant and reduce the concentration of herbicides in simulated groundwater model. Among these species, C. antiphilitica reduces the concentration of all herbicides, suggesting greater adaptability to compose decontamination strategies in areas close to agricultural systems that use 2,4-D herbicides, atrazine, diuron and hexazinone. Also, our results show that herbicides can act as a selection factor for Cerrado forest species, however, two species can mitigate the effects of contamination due to their ability to degrade herbicides.