Environmental determinants of asthma among school children aged 13-14 in and around Polokwane, Limpopo Province, South Africa

Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2009 Sep;6(9):2354-74. doi: 10.3390/ijerph6092354. Epub 2009 Sep 3.

Abstract

Asthma has become a public health issue since the 1960's. Factors associated with asthma are environmental and genetic. This study is based on a random sample of 742 students aged 13-14 attending various schools at Polokwane, in the Province of Limpopo in South Africa. Survey logistic regression and multi-level analyses were used for data analysis. The study identifies three key determinants of asthma at the district, school and individual levels. The study shows that persistent cough (OR = 4.01), exposure to smoke at the household level (OR = 2.39) and lack of access to flush toileta at the household level (OR = 1.89) are key predictors of asthma in children. Variability at the level of districts accounts for 46% of total variance. Variability at the level of schools accounts for 33% of total variance.

Keywords: asthma; cough; flush toilet; multi-level analysis; odds ratio; smoke.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Asthma / epidemiology*
  • Asthma / physiopathology
  • Child
  • Electricity
  • Environmental Exposure*
  • Humans
  • Smoke / adverse effects
  • Social Class
  • South Africa / epidemiology

Substances

  • Smoke