The validity of calculating the dynamic tensile strength of rock materials based on dynamic Brazilian tests is problematic. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the effects of three typical loading methods on the damage mechanism of rock specimens in the dynamic Brazilian tests, five different rocks were selected for the study. In the constant incident energy dynamic Brazilian test, the loading modes had a significant effect on the loading rate and dynamic tensile strength of the specimen, with the highest loading rate and tensile strength of the specimens under mode-III loading, followed by mode-I loading and mode-II loading. A high-speed camera and the digital image correlation (DIC) technique were used to successfully capture the rupture process of the Brazilian disc during impact loading. The evolution of the displacement and strain fields of the specimen was obtained by DIC technique, and four typical failure patterns and two rupture characteristics in the dynamic Brazilian test were summarized. The loading mode determined the crack initiation position of the specimen in the dynamic Brazilian test. The results showed that the mode-III loading is the most consistent with the Brazilian test theory, while the mode-II loading violates the test principle.
Keywords: SHPB; digital image correlation; dynamic Brazilian splitting; rock materials.