This paper aims to observe and analyze the effects of Radix astragali and Salvia miltiorrhiza on skeletal muscle injury of aerobics athletes. In this study, 600 cases of aerobics athletes with skeletal muscle injury were randomly divided into experimental group and control group according to different treatment regimens, and the number of cases was the same, each with 300 cases. The control group was given local massage and rehabilitation training. On the basis of the above, Radix astragali and Salvia miltiorrhiza injection was given to the experimental group. The indicators of overall treatment efficiency, improvement of serum SOD level, improvement of serum MDA content, comparison of plasma creatine kinase (CK) and myoglobin (Mb) were observed and compared between the two groups. After implementation of different treatment programs, in comparison of overall treatment efficiency, the experimental group is significantly superior to the control group (P <0.05); in comparison of improvement of serum SOD level, improvement of serum MDA content, the experimental group is superior to the control group(P <0.05). In addition, in comparison of plasma creatine kinase (CK) and myoglobin (Mb) level, the experimental group is significantly superior to the control group(P <0.05). It is very important for aerobics athletes with skeletal muscle injury to take active and effective therapy to recover as soon as possible. The program of Radix astragali and Salvia miltiorrhiza injection has obvious effect, which can promote athletes' skeletal muscle injury repair and improve the overall treatment efficiency, which is worth popularizing in practice.