Research on the Extraction of Hazard Sources along High-Speed Railways from High-Resolution Remote Sensing Images Based on TE-ResUNet

There are many potential hazard sources along high-speed railways that threaten the safety of railway operation. Traditional ground search methods are failing to meet the needs of safe and efficient investigation. In order to accurately and efficiently locate hazard sources along the high-speed railway, this paper proposes a texture-enhanced ResUNet (TE-ResUNet) model for railway hazard sources extraction from high-resolution remote sensing images. According to the characteristics of hazard sources in remote sensing images, TE-ResUNet adopts texture enhancement modules to enhance the texture details of low-level features, and thus improve the extraction accuracy of boundaries and small targets. In addition, a multi-scale Lovász loss function is proposed to deal with the class imbalance problem and force the texture enhancement modules to learn better parameters. The proposed method is compared with the existing methods, namely, FCN8s, PSPNet, DeepLabv3, and AEUNet. The experimental results on the GF-2 railway hazard source dataset show that the TE-ResUNet is superior in terms of overall accuracy, F₁-score, and recall. This indicates that the proposed TE-ResUNet can achieve accurate and effective hazard sources extraction, while ensuring high recall for small-area targets.