Optimal sizing and location of grid-interfaced PV, PHES, and ultra capacitor systems to replace LFO and HFO based power generations

Isaac Amoussou; Emmanuel Tanyi; TakeleFerede Agajie; Baseem Khan; Mohit Bajaj

doi:10.1038/s41598-024-57231-7

Optimal sizing and location of grid-interfaced PV, PHES, and ultra capacitor systems to replace LFO and HFO based power generations

Sci Rep. 2024 Apr 13;14(1):8591. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-57231-7.

Authors

Isaac Amoussou¹, Emmanuel Tanyi¹, TakeleFerede Agajie^{1

2}, Baseem Khan³, Mohit Bajaj^{4

5

6

7}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Buea, P.O. Box. 63, Buea, Cameroon.
² Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Debre Markos University, P.O. Box 269, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
³ Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia. baseem.khan04@ieee.org.
⁴ Department of Electrical Engineering, Graphic Era (Deemed to Be University), Dehradun, 248002, India.
⁵ Hourani Center for Applied Scientific Research, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan.
⁶ Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, 248002, India.
⁷ Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, 11937, Jordan.

Abstract

The impacts of climate change, combined with the depletion of fossil fuel reserves, are forcing human civilizations to reconsider the design of electricity generation systems to gradually and extensively incorporate renewable energies. This study aims to investigate the technical and economic aspects of replacing all heavy fuel oil (HFO) and light fuel oil (LFO) thermal power plants connected to the electricity grid in southern Cameroon. The proposed renewable energy system consists of a solar photovoltaic (PV) field, a pumped hydroelectric energy storage (PHES) system, and an ultra-capacitor energy storage system. The economic and technical performance of the new renewable energy system was assessed using metrics such as total annualized project cost (TAC), loss of load probability (LOLP), and loss of power supply probability (LPSP). The Multi-Objective Bonobo Optimizer (MOBO) was used to both size the components of the new renewable energy system and choose the best location for the solar PV array. The results achieved using MOBO were superior to those obtained from other known optimization techniques. Using metaheuristics for renewable energy system sizing necessitated the creation of mathematical models of renewable energy system components and techno-economic decision criteria under MATLAB software. Based on the results for the deficit rate (LPSP) of zero, the installation of the photovoltaic field in Bafoussam had the lowest TAC of around 52.78 × 10⁶€ when compared to the results for Yaoundé, Bamenda, Douala, and Limbe. Finally, the project profitability analysis determined that the project is financially viable when the energy produced by the renewable energy systems is sold at an average price of 0.12 €/kWh.

Keywords: HFO; LFO; LOLP; LPSP; Metaheuristics; TAC; Thermal power plant.