Breast Cancer Screening and Prophylactic Mastectomy for High-Risk Women in Romania

Medicina (Kaunas). 2024 Mar 30;60(4):570. doi: 10.3390/medicina60040570.

Abstract

Breast cancer remains a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality within oncology. Risk factors, encompassing genetic and environmental influences, significantly contribute to its prevalence. While germline mutations, notably within the BRCA genes, are commonly associated with heightened breast cancer risk, a spectrum of other variants exists among affected individuals. Diagnosis relies on imaging techniques, biopsies, biomarkers, and genetic testing, facilitating personalised risk assessment through specific scoring systems. Breast cancer screening programs employing mammography and other imaging modalities play a crucial role in early detection and management, leading to improved outcomes for affected individuals. Regular screening enables the identification of suspicious lesions or abnormalities at earlier stages, facilitating timely intervention and potentially reducing mortality rates associated with breast cancer. Genetic mutations guide screening protocols, prophylactic interventions, treatment modalities, and patient prognosis. Prophylactic measures encompass a range of interventions, including chemoprevention, hormonal inhibition, oophorectomy, and mastectomy. Despite their efficacy in mitigating breast cancer incidence, these interventions carry potential side effects and psychological implications, necessitating comprehensive counselling tailored to individual cases.

Keywords: BRCA; breast cancer; genetic factors; high risk; prophylactic mastectomy.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Breast Neoplasms* / diagnosis
  • Breast Neoplasms* / prevention & control
  • Early Detection of Cancer* / methods
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Mammography / methods
  • Prophylactic Mastectomy* / methods
  • Risk Factors
  • Romania / epidemiology

Grants and funding

This research received no external funding.