Reusable Nano-Zirconia-Catalyzed Synthesis of Benzimidazoles and Their Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities

Tentu Nageswara Rao; Suliman Yousef AlOmar; Faheem Ahmed; Fadwa Albalawi; Naushad Ahmad; Nalla Krishna Rao; M V Basaveswara Rao; Ravi Kumar Cheedarala; G Rajasekhar Reddy; Tentu Manohra Naidu

doi:10.3390/molecules26144219

Reusable Nano-Zirconia-Catalyzed Synthesis of Benzimidazoles and Their Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities

Molecules. 2021 Jul 12;26(14):4219. doi: 10.3390/molecules26144219.

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemistry, Krishna University, Machilipatnam 521001, Andhra Pradesh, India.
² Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
³ Department of Physics, College of Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Department of Organic Chemistry, Krishna University, Machilipatnam 521001, Andhra Pradesh, India.
⁶ Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, UNIST-Gil, Ulsan 44919, Korea.
⁷ Department of Chemical Engineering, A.C Tech Campus, Anna University, Chennai 600025, India.
⁸ Department of Nuclear Physics, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Abstract

In this article, a zirconia-based nano-catalyst (Nano-ZrO₂), with intermolecular C-N bond formation for the synthesis of various benzimidazole-fused heterocycles in a concise method is reported. The robustness of this reaction is demonstrated by the synthesis of a series of benzimidazole drugs in a one-pot method. All synthesized materials were characterized using ¹HNMR, ¹³CNMR, and LC-MS spectroscopy as well as microanalysis data. Furthermore, the synthesis of nano-ZrO₂ was processed using a standard hydrothermal technique in pure form. The crystal structure of nano-ZrO₂ and phase purity were studied, and the crystallite size was calculated from XRD analysis using the Debye-Scherrer equation. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of the synthesized benzimidazole drugs was evaluated in terms of Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and antifungal activity, and the results were satisfactory.

Keywords: XRD; aryl aldehydes; benzimidazole; nano-ZrO2; o-phenylenediamine.

MeSH terms

Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology*
Antifungal Agents / pharmacology*
Benzimidazoles / pharmacology*
Catalysis / drug effects*
Nanoparticles / administration & dosage*
Zirconium / pharmacology*

Substances

Anti-Bacterial Agents
Antifungal Agents
Benzimidazoles
Zirconium
benzimidazole
zirconium oxide