Determination of paracetamol using a sensor based on green synthesis of silver nanoparticles in plant extract

The biosynthesis of nanometals using a plant extract is simple, efficient, fast, cost-effective and eco-friendly. In this study, a pine nut extract (Araucaria angustifolia) was obtained and used as a reducing and stabilizing agent in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. An electrochemical sensor based on the silver nanoparticles obtained and exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets applied to a glassy carbon electrode was developed for the determination of paracetamol. To optimize the synthesis of the silver nanoparticles, important factors such as temperature, extract:water ratio, silver nitrate concentration and extract stability time were studied. The factors influencing the performance of the sensor were studied in detail and the results demonstrated good repeatability and electrode-to-electrode repeatability (relative standard deviations of 1.8 and 4.0 %, respectively). Under optimized conditions, there was a linear response to paracetamol concentrations of 4.98 × 10^-6 to 3.38 × 10^-5 mol L^-1, with a detection limit of 8.50 × 10^-8 mol L^-1. No reports on the biosynthesis of AgNPs using Araucaria angustifolia could be found in the literature. The sensor developed showed good stability and was used successfully for the quantification of paracetamol in pharmaceutical products.