Investigating the Chemical Composition of Lepidium sativum Seeds and Their Ability to Safeguard against Monosodium Glutamate-Induced Hepatic Dysfunction

Manal Salah El-Gendy; Eman Sobhy El-Gezawy; Ahmed A Saleh; Rashed A Alhotan; Mohammed A A Al-Badwi; Elsayed Osman Sewlim Hussein; Hossam M El-Tahan; In Ho Kim; Sungbo Cho; Sara Mahmoud Omar

doi:10.3390/foods12224129

Investigating the Chemical Composition of Lepidium sativum Seeds and Their Ability to Safeguard against Monosodium Glutamate-Induced Hepatic Dysfunction

Foods. 2023 Nov 15;12(22):4129. doi: 10.3390/foods12224129.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Nutrition and Food Science Department, Faculty of Home Economics, Al-Azhar University, Tanta 31732, Egypt.
² Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 333516, Egypt.
³ Department of Animal Production, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ AlKhumasia for Feed and Animal Products, Riyadh-Olaya-Al Aqareyah 2-Office 705, P.O. Box 8344, Riyadh 11982, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki 12611, Egypt.
⁶ Animal Resource and Science Department, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea.
⁷ Smart Animal Bio Institute, Dankook University, Cheonan 330714, Republic of Korea.

Abstract

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is one of the most frequently used food additives that endanger public health. The antioxidant, hyperlipidemic, and cytoprotective properties of Lepidium sativum seeds (LSS) as a natural remedy can minimize the harmful effects of MSG. This study investigated the potential protective effect of LSS against MSG-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Male albino Sprague Dawley rats (n = 24) were equally divided into four groups for 30 days: the control group (G1) received a basal diet without supplement, group (G2) was fed a basal diet + MSG (30 g/kg b.w.) as a model group, group (G3) was fed a basal diet + MSG (30 g/kg b.w.) + LSS (30 g/kg b.w.), and group (G4) was fed a basal diet + MSG (30 g/kg b.w.) + LSS (60 g/kg b.w.). LSS enhanced serum alkaline phosphatase activity as well as total cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose levels. It can decrease peroxide content in serum lipids and inhibit glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase in hepatic cells. The dietary supplementation with LSS provided cytoprotection by enhancing the histoarchitecture of the liver and decreasing the number of apoptotic cells. Due to their antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties, LSS effectively protect against the hepatotoxicity of MSG. These findings are of the highest significance for drawing attention to incorporating LSS in our food industry and as a health treatment in traditional medicine to combat MSG-induced hepatic abnormalities.

Keywords: Lepidium sativum seeds (LSS); antioxidant; dietary study; glutathione reductase; hepatotoxicity; monosodium glutamate (MSG).

Grants and funding

The authors acknowledge the financial support through the Researchers Supporting Project number (RSPD2023R581), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF- RS-2023-00275307).