Using Evidence-Based Learning Theories to Guide the Development of Virtual Simulations

Technology-enhanced training such as virtual simulations can be effective only to the extent evidence-based principles of learning are integrated into their training platforms. Assuming skill acquisition is the target of training, programs should include time and space for repeated practice opportunities structured through evidence-based learning theories (Amodeo et al. in Adm Soc Work 33:423-438, 2009). Essential learning attributes derived from Cognitive Load Theory (Sweller in Cognit Sci 12:257-285, 1988) and the Theory of Deliberate Practice (Ericsson et al. in Psychol Rev 100:363-406, 1993) can effectively integrate into virtual simulations intended to build expertise. Virtual Home Simulation (VHS) and Virtual Motivational Interviewing (VMI) are presented in this paper as an approach to develop virtual simulations that provide child welfare workers a means to deliberately practice essential skills toward competence before entering the workforce. This paper reviews the development process, specific design aspects, and lessons learned as a guide on how to integrate effective learning attributes. Implications for using virtual simulations, including cost-benefits, measuring performance over time, and addressing training complications due to Covid-19 or similar obstacles, are also provided.