The spectral absorption and scattering properties of oakwood are retrieved from the measurements of both the normal-hemispherical reflectance and transmittance in the visible and near-infrared ranges of semi-transparency. We employ two alternative methods for the radiative transfer in wood samples: the modified two-flux approximation and the high-order discrete ordinate method. The modifications of both methods take into account the effect of total internal reflection at both surfaces of the wood samples. The analytical approximate solution of the first method gives very accurate results for the absorption coefficient, but the transport scattering coefficient of wood appeared to be systematically underestimated. Fortunately, this error is between 7% and 12%, and that is acceptable for the estimates. The oakwood samples of four different thicknesses were used in the experiments. The effect of the wood cell orientation appears to be insignificant and can be observed in the reflectance from optically thin samples only. There is a considerable decrease in the transport scattering coefficient of oakwood with the wavelength. This effect is explained by a predominant contribution of micron-sized longitudinal pores in oakwood. The latter is used to develop an approximate theoretical model of scattering based on the rigorous solution for arbitrary-oriented cylindrical pores. The model suggested is in good agreement with the experimental data.