Absence of determinism in El Niño Southern Oscillation

Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2002 May;65(5 Pt 2):055207. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.65.055207. Epub 2002 May 21.

Abstract

We perform two direct determinism tests on the El Niño Southern Oscillation index monthly average series. The results indicate that, for timescales over 1 month, the series does not exhibit determinism, an essential feature of chaos.