Liver-Targeting Nanoplatforms for the Induction of Immune Tolerance

Sydney Kusumoputro; Christian Au; Katie H Lam; Nathaniel Park; Austin Hyun; Emily Kusumoputro; Xiang Wang; Tian Xia

doi:10.3390/nano14010067

Liver-Targeting Nanoplatforms for the Induction of Immune Tolerance

Nanomaterials (Basel). 2023 Dec 26;14(1):67. doi: 10.3390/nano14010067.

Authors

Sydney Kusumoputro^{1

2}, Christian Au^{3

4}, Katie H Lam^{4

5}, Nathaniel Park¹, Austin Hyun^{6

7}, Emily Kusumoputro⁸, Xiang Wang^{9

10}, Tian Xia^{9

10}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA.
² Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
³ Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
⁴ Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA.
⁵ Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
⁶ Department of Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA.
⁷ Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
⁸ Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
⁹ Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
¹⁰ California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.

Abstract

Liver-targeting nanoparticles have emerged as a promising platform for the induction of immune tolerance by taking advantage of the liver's unique tolerogenic properties and nanoparticles' physicochemical flexibility. Such an approach provides a versatile solution to the treatment of a diversity of immunologic diseases. In this review, we begin by assessing the design parameters integral to cell-specific targeting and the tolerogenic induction of nanoplatforms engineered to target the four critical immunogenic hepatic cells, including liver sinusoidal epithelial cells (LSECs), Kupffer cells (KCs), hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and hepatocytes. We also include an overview of multiple therapeutic strategies in which nanoparticles are being studied to treat many allergies and autoimmune disorders. Finally, we explore the challenges of using nanoparticles in this field while highlighting future avenues to expand the therapeutic utility of liver-targeting nanoparticles in autoimmune processes.

Keywords: allergies; autoimmune diseases; immune tolerance; liver-targeting nanoparticles.

Publication types

Review

Grants and funding

Support was provided by the Noble Family Innovation Award by the California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles.