β-Selinene-Rich Essential Oils from the Parts of Callicarpa macrophylla and Their Antioxidant and Pharmacological Activities

Mahesh Chandra; Om Prakash; Ravendra Kumar; Rakesh Kumar Bachheti; Brij Bhushan; Mahesh Kumar; Anil Kumar Pant

doi:10.3390/medicines4030052

β-Selinene-Rich Essential Oils from the Parts of Callicarpa macrophylla and Their Antioxidant and Pharmacological Activities

Medicines (Basel). 2017 Jul 10;4(3):52. doi: 10.3390/medicines4030052.

Authors

Mahesh Chandra¹, Om Prakash², Ravendra Kumar³, Rakesh Kumar Bachheti⁴, Brij Bhushan⁵, Mahesh Kumar⁶, Anil Kumar Pant⁷

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemistry, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, pin code248 002, Uttarakhand, India. mahesh2747@gmail.com.
² Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar, pin code 263 145 Uttarakhand, India. oporgchem@gmail.com.
³ Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar, pin code 263 145 Uttarakhand, India. ravichemistry.kumar@gmail.com.
⁴ Department of Chemistry, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, pin code248 002, Uttarakhand, India. rkbachheti@gmail.com.
⁵ Department of Chemistry, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, pin code248 002, Uttarakhand, India. brijbushaniitr@gmail.com.
⁶ Department of Medicine, College of Veterinary Sciences, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar, pin code 263 145 Uttarakhand, India. maheshkumar_epm@rediffmail.com.
⁷ Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar, pin code 263 145 Uttarakhand, India. anilpant54@gmail.com.

Abstract

Background:Callicarpa macrophylla (Varbenaceae) is a medicinal shrub and is traditionally used in India, China, and South Asia. Methods: The plant material was collected from lower Himalayan region of Uttarakhand in India. The essential oils from three different aerial parts were analyzed by GC-MS. Antioxidant activity, phenolic assay, and various pharmacological activities were determined by using existing methods which are generally practiced widely. Results: Over 51, 53, and 40 compounds were identified in C. macrophylla leaves essential oil (CMLEO), C. macrophylla pre mature seeds and fruits essential oil (CMEO-I) and C.macrophylla mature seeds and fruits essential oil (CMEO-II), respectively. These oils differ in relative contents of major compounds viz; β-selinene (37.51% in CMLEO, 44.66% in CMEO-I and 57.01% in CMEO-II), phyllocladene (9.76% in CMLEO, 5.80% in CMEO-I and 12.38% in CMEO-II), caryophelline oxide (7.34% in CMLEO, 8.74% in CMEO-I and 5.0% in CMEO-II), 9E-epi-caryophelline (6.23% in CMLEO, 1.27% in CMEO-I and 3.43% in CMEO-II), longipinocarvone (4.96% in CMLEO, 1.17% in CMEO-I and 2.0% in CMEO-II), and 1,8-cineole (2.23% in CMLEO, 3.10% in CMEO-I and 1.62% in CMEO-II). The oils exhibited good in vitro antioxidant activity. The maximum activity was found in CMEO-II with IC₅₀ values 7.37 ± 0.11, 11.49 ± 0.87, 14.59 ± 0.18, 15.66 ± 0.03, and 17.49 ± 0.13 µl/mL. The essential oils showed qualitative and quantitative diversity in the makeup of essential oils constituents. The oils were found to exhibit anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activity on swiss albino mice compared to the standard drugs, viz; ibuprofen, paracetamol and indomethacin. Conclusion: It is inferred from the study that the plant parts can be used scientifically in traditional systems as folk herbal medicine. Furthermore, we have generated a database for future reference and judicious exploitation of these oils from their natural setting.

Keywords: Callicarpa macropylla; caryophillene oxide; pharmacology; phylocladene; β-selinene.