Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of perioperative intravenous Tranexamic Acid in reducing blood loss and transfusion requirements in patients undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty.
Methods: The prospectivedouble-blind randomised control trial was conducted from March to July 2014 at the Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, and comprised patients below 85 years of age undergoing unilateral or bilateral cemented Total Knee Arthroplasty. The patients were divided into control or Transaminegroups. Two doses of 15mg/kg of Transamine were given to the latter group. All patients were operated under spinal or combined spinal-epidural anaesthesiausing pneumatic tourniquet and similar cemented implant. Primary outcome was postoperative blood loss in drains. Secondary outcomes were the number of blood units transfused, change in haemoglobin level and adverse events.
Results: Of the 62 patients on the study, there were 34(55%) patents in the Transaminegroup with a mean age of 64±8.4 years, and28(45%)in the control group with a mean age of 60.8±10.3. The two groups were matched for demographic and blood indices.Mean blood loss via intra-articular drain in the control group was 619±243ml per knee, and 402±169ml per knee in the Transaminegroup. Blood transfusions were required by 14(50%)patients in the control groupand 6(17.6%)in the Transaminegroup.
Conclusions: Perioperative intravenous transamine significantly reduced blood loss as well as blood transfusion requirements.
Keywords: TKA, Tranexemic acid, Blood Transfusion..