Expression and Correlation of Cell-Free cIAP-1 and cIAP-2 mRNA in Breast Cancer Patients: A Study from India

Amit Kumar Verma; Irfan Ahmad; Prasant Yadav; Arshad Husain Rahmani; Bazila Khan; Mohammed A Alsahli; Prakash C Joshi; Hafiz Ahmad; Mirza Masroor Ali Beg

doi:10.1155/2020/3634825

Expression and Correlation of Cell-Free cIAP-1 and cIAP-2 mRNA in Breast Cancer Patients: A Study from India

J Oncol. 2020 Aug 25:2020:3634825. doi: 10.1155/2020/3634825. eCollection 2020.

Authors

Amit Kumar Verma¹, Irfan Ahmad^{2

3}, Prasant Yadav⁴, Arshad Husain Rahmani⁵, Bazila Khan⁶, Mohammed A Alsahli⁵, Prakash C Joshi¹, Hafiz Ahmad⁷, Mirza Masroor Ali Beg^{8

9}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Zoology and Environmental Sciences, GKV, Haridwar, India.
² Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
³ Research Center for Advanced Materials Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
⁵ Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
⁶ School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
⁷ Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE.
⁸ Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.
⁹ Department of Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.

Abstract

Background: Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins such as cIAP-1 and cIAP-2 have recently emerged as the key mechanism in resistance to apoptosis in various cancers and lead to cell survival. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the cIAP-1 and cIAP-2 expression in breast cancer patients, as well as their association with overall patient survival.

Methods: Histopathologically confirmed 100 invasive ductal carcinoma patients and healthy controls were included in the present study. Total RNA extraction was done from the serum sample of the patients; further, 100 ng of total RNA was used to synthesise cDNA from patients' as well as from healthy controls' serum. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed using the maxima SYBR Green dye to study the expression of cIAP-1 and cIAP-2, and beta-actin was used as the internal control.

Results: The study observed that breast cancer patients had 13.50 mean fold increased cIAP-1 mRNA and 8.76 mean fold increased cIAP-2 mRNA expression compared to the control subjects. Breast cancer patients in the TNM stages I, II, III, and IV showed 9.54, 11.80, 15.19, and 16.83 mean fold increased cIAP-1 mRNA expression (p=0.004). Distant organ metastasis, (p=0.008), PR status of breast cancer patients (p < 0.0001), and HER2 status of breast cancer patients (p < 0.0001) were found to be associated with cIAP-1 mRNA expression. Breast cancer patients with different TNM stages such as stages I, II, III, and IV showed 7.8, 8.09, 7.97, and 12.85 mean fold increased cIAP-2 mRNA expression (p=0.0002). Breast cancer patients with distant organ metastases status were found to be associated with cIAP-2 mRNA expression (p < 0.0001). Breast cancer patients with <13-fold and >13-fold cIAP-1 mRNA expression showed 37.39 months and 34.70 months of overall median survival, and the difference among them was found to be significant (p=0.0001). However, cIAP-2 mRNA expression among <8-fold and >8-fold mRNA expression groups showed 35 months and 27.90 months of overall median survival time (p < 0.0001). Higher cIAP-1 mRNA expression was linked with smoking and alcoholism among the breast cancer patients (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001). Significant association of higher cIAP-1 mRNA expression was found with the advancement of the disease, while higher mRNA expression of cIAP-1 was associated with distant organ metastases in ROC curve analysis.

Conclusion: The present study suggested that increased cell-free cIAP-1 and cIAP-2 mRNA expression was correlated with the advancement of disease, progression of disease, and overall reduced patient survival. Cell-free cIAP-1 and cIAP-2 mRNA expression could be the predictive indicator of the disease.