An official website of the United States government
The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before
sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal
government site.
The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the
official website and that any information you provide is encrypted
and transmitted securely.
Scott MM, Patel DV, Lucasti C, Vallee EK, Clark LD, Kowalski JM.Scott MM, et al. Among authors: kowalski jm.Clin Spine Surg. 2024 Apr 1;37(3):E152-E157. doi: 10.1097/BSD.0000000000001571. Epub 2023 Dec 28.Clin Spine Surg. 2024.PMID: 38158604Review.
Lucasti C, Maraschiello M, Slowinski J, Kowalski J.Lucasti C, et al.J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev. 2022 Jan 6;6(1):e21.00252. doi: 10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-21-00252.J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev. 2022.PMID: 34989709Free PMC article.
Simmons ED Jr, Kowalski JM, Simmons EH.Simmons ED Jr, et al. Among authors: kowalski jm.Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1993 May;18(6):718-24. doi: 10.1097/00007632-199305000-00008.Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1993.PMID: 8516701
Simmons ED Jr, Guntupalli M, Kowalski JM, Braun F, Seidel T.Simmons ED Jr, et al. Among authors: kowalski jm.Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1996 Jul 1;21(13):1527-9. doi: 10.1097/00007632-199607010-00007.Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1996.PMID: 8817779
Kowalski JM, Ludwig SC, Hutton WC, Heller JG.Kowalski JM, et al.Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2000 Nov 15;25(22):2865-7. doi: 10.1097/00007632-200011150-00005.Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2000.PMID: 11074671
Ferrick MR, Kowalski JM, Simmons ED Jr.Ferrick MR, et al. Among authors: kowalski jm.Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1997 Jun 1;22(11):1249-52; discussion 1253. doi: 10.1097/00007632-199706010-00016.Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1997.PMID: 9201864