We made a comparison of drug treatment for the patients with schizophrenia between two psychiatric hospitals in Tokyo, Japan, and Bali, Indonesia. An initial preliminary, cross-sectional study revealed that the mean daily dose of neuroleptics was significantly higher in Tokyo than it was in Bali. A second, longitudinal, study showed that the mean neuroleptic dose for newly admitted patients in the acute phase was higher, and the number of patients receiving maintenance treatment after discharge larger in Tokyo, while the mean duration of hospitalization was shorter, and the re-admission rate 1 year after discharge lower in Bali. These findings suggest that the course of schizophrenia is more favorable in Bali. As a result of lower dose of neuroleptics, the prevalence of tardic dyskinesia was much lower in Bali than it was in Tokyo.