Objective: Although endoscopic injection therapy provides excellent initial haemostasis in actively bleeding ulcers, the incidence of recurrent haemorrhage is not negligible. The aim of this study was to compare somatostatin, omeprazole and ranitidine in preventing further haemorrhage after endoscopic injection haemostasis.
Methods: Seventy-three patients with major stigmata of ulcer haemorrhage at endoscopy were treated with epinephrine injection and randomly assigned to receive either omeprazole (n = 24) or ranitidine (n = 24) or somatostatin (n = 25). The three groups were similar in all background variables including mean age, clinical and endoscopic features, severity of bleeding and timing of the haemostatic procedure. All patients underwent a second endoscopic look at 48 h. Failures of treatment or retreatment underwent emergency surgery.
Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of initial haemostasis, need for emergency surgery, transfusion requirements, length of hospital stay or mortality. Early recurrent haemorrhage was 5/22 (22.7%) in the ranitidine group, 5/23 (21.7%) in the omeprazole group and 2/23 (8.7%) in the somatostatin group. No major side-effect was noted with drug therapy.
Conclusions: The preliminary results suggest that somatostatin might be more effective than ranitidine and omeprazole in the prevention of recurrent haemorrhage following endoscopic injection therapy of bleeding peptic ulcers.