The history of studies of the great gerbil range was analyzed and position of the range boundaries was made more precise on the basis of the published data, museum collections, various natural maps, and authors' field observations. A scheme of the range regionalization is presented, in which three regional complexes of autonomous population groups are distinguished: Djungarian, Central Gobi, and East Gobi-Alashan'. Five autonomous population groups have also been isolated, which are located to the north of the main range: Shargin Gobi (?), Beger-nur, Orok-nur, Bulgan, and Bayan-dov. Regions with most favorable conditions for the great gerbil colonies were also shown.