Late outcome after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) mainly depends on the status of graft patency. The recent generation of spiral computed tomography (SCT) scanners may have potential in the long-term follow-up of CABG. In this study, graft patency in patients with internal mammary (IMA) and venous CABG was investigated using SCT and angiography. Forty-nine consecutive patients (age 61 +/- 8 years, 45 men) who had undergone CABG were examined by SCT and angiography 22 +/- 6 months after CABG. In total, 134 bypass grafts (42 IMA and 92 venous grafts) were analyzed. The angiographically determined patency rate of grafts was 86% for IMA (n = 36 of 42) and 74% for venous grafts (n = 68 of 92). By SCT, 32 IMA and 64 venous grafts were diagnosed correctly as patent. Sensitivity was 89% (IMA) and 94% (venous); overall sensitivity was 92%. None of the truly occluded venous grafts was diagnosed falsely patent by SCT (specificity 100%), whereas the specificity of IMA graft visualization was somewhat lower (88%, p = NS [overall 97%]). The accuracy for a patent graft was 88% (IMA) and 96% (venous CABG, p = NS). Compared with previous studies, these data suggest that SCT using one of the recent generation scanners (single scan time 0.75 second) is a highly accurate and relatively noninvasive approach for assessing not only saphenous vein graft patency, but also IMA graft patency. To date, this technique has only limited use in visualizing graft stenosis or distal anastomosis site patency.