A telephone survey of a random sample of adult emergency department (ED) patients was conducted at a university health science center. The purpose of the study was to determine the opinion of ED patients concerning the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission and their willingness to be treated by HIV-infected physicians and nurses. Surveys from 107 ED patients were compiled and available for analysis. Ninety percent of the respondents were tolerant of an HIV-infected physician or nurse (HIV + HCW)performing noninvasive procedures. Fifty percent were tolerant of an HIV + HCW performing invasive procedures. Twenty-six percent of the patients said they would leave the department rather than be treated by an HIV + HCW. Patients older than 50 years were less tolerant (P = .004) and more likely to leave the ED (P = .001).