As possible alternative to a complex of sanitary-hygienic measures, directed on the infectious diseases prevention, not specific prophylaxis with the aid of immunomodulative preparations is offered. Prospects of the immunomodulative preparations application is defined by transition to popularized epidemiological thinking planned in modern conditions. Strategy of total and selective not specific prophylaxis, results of own researches on estimation of preventive efficiency of dibazolum and prodigiosanum during acute respiratory disease and virus hepatitis A are described.